parenthesis

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/pəˈrɛnθəsɪs/
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An inserted aside, the curved mark or pair that encloses it or groups symbols, and more formally a brief interruption in the main course of events.

Examples

  • The editor removed a long parenthesis that interrupted the paragraph.
  • The function call uses parentheses around its arguments.
  • The number in parentheses shows the previous year's rank.
  • In (a + b) × c, the parentheses group the first two terms.
  • The speaker added, in parenthesis, that the plan was still uncertain.

Similar words

mark
digression
curved bracket
interlude
delimiter
qualification
digression
comment
grouping mark
interruption

Meanings

Inserted remark

noun
writing
neutral
A word, phrase, clause, or sentence added inside another passage to explain, qualify, or comment without changing the main structure.

Usage

Use parenthesis for the inserted material itself, whether it is marked by round brackets, commas, or dashes.

Examples

  • The sentence includes a parenthesis after the date.
  • Her aside about the weather works as a brief parenthesis.
  • The editor removed a long parenthesis that interrupted the paragraph.
  • A parenthesis can be set off by commas when the aside is light.
  • The speaker added, in parenthesis, that the plan was still uncertain.

Common mistakes

The inserted material is confused with the marks around it, or with text that is essential to the sentence.
IncorrectCorrect
The phrase in brackets is the parenthesis marks. The phrase in brackets is the parenthesis.
The clause that defines the subject is a parenthesis. The clause that defines the subject is not a parenthesis, because it is essential.
Her youngest sister the one in Australia is a parenthesis. Her youngest sister, the one in Australia, is followed by a parenthesis.
He added a parenthesis to strongly emphasize the word. He added a parenthesis to give extra information.

Similar words

Curved mark or pair

noun
punctuation
neutral
One or both of the curved marks ( ) used to enclose extra text or to group a unit in writing, mathematics, logic, or code.

Usage

Use parenthesis for one mark and parentheses for the pair, especially in American English. British English often uses bracket or round bracket for the marks.

Examples

  • A closing parenthesis is missing after the citation.
  • The number in parentheses shows the previous year's rank.
  • In (a + b) × c, the parentheses group the first two terms.
  • The function call uses parentheses around its arguments.
  • An opening parenthesis should match a closing one.

Common mistakes

The singular parenthesis is used where the plural parentheses is needed, or the marks are left unmatched.
IncorrectCorrect
Put the dates in parenthesis. Put the dates in parentheses.
She typed one parentheses before the note. She typed one parenthesis before the note.
The formula (a + b has a parenthesis missing. The formula (a + b) has a parenthesis missing.
Use a parenthesis for square brackets like [this]. Use square brackets for [this] and parentheses for (this).

Similar words

Interlude or interruption

noun
literature
formal
A pause, interval, or digressive episode that briefly breaks the main course of events or thought.

Usage

Use parenthesis in this formal sense for a temporary break or aside in a story, argument, or life, not for any ordinary delay.

Examples

  • The summer became a quiet parenthesis in a turbulent decade.
  • His comic parenthesis lightened an otherwise solemn speech.
  • The memoir treats the exile as a painful parenthesis in family life.
  • After that brief parenthesis, the argument returned to politics.
  • The war formed a harsh parenthesis between two peaceful periods.

Common mistakes

The formal sense is overused for everyday pauses where break, pause, or interval would sound natural.
IncorrectCorrect
We took a parenthesis for coffee at ten. We took a break for coffee at ten.
The train's parenthesis lasted five minutes. The train's delay lasted five minutes.
The holiday was a parenthesis in the meeting agenda. The holiday was an interlude in a difficult year.
Please wait during this parenthesis. Please wait during this pause.

Similar words

Usage

Use parenthesis for one inserted remark, one curved mark, or a formal interruption, and use parentheses when referring to a pair of marks.

Common mistakes

In parenthesis is often used where in parentheses is meant, especially when more than one mark or a pair of marks is involved.

Etymology

From Late Latin parenthesis, from Greek parenthesis, literally “a putting in beside,” formed from roots meaning “beside,” “in,” and “to put.” English first used it for inserted words in the 1540s, and later for the curved marks used to show them.

FAQ

What does parenthesis mean?

Parenthesis can mean an inserted remark, one of the curved marks ( ), or a formal interruption in a sequence of events.

What is the plural of parenthesis?

The plural is parentheses.

Is parenthesis the same as parentheses?

No. Parenthesis is singular, while parentheses is plural and usually means the pair of marks ( ).

Can a parenthesis be set off without round brackets?

Yes. A parenthesis can be set off by commas or dashes when it is an inserted remark rather than the marks themselves.

What does in parentheses mean?

It means that information is placed inside the marks ( ), as in a date, citation, note, or grouped expression.

What is a parenthesis in mathematics?

It is one of the marks used to group part of an expression, often to show which operation should be handled first.

What is a parenthesis in programming?

It is a curved delimiter used in many languages for function calls, conditions, grouping, and other syntax.

Is parenthesis British or American?

American English commonly uses parenthesis and parentheses for the marks. British English often says bracket or round bracket.

Where does parenthesis come from?

It comes through Latin from Greek roots meaning “a putting in beside,” which fits the older sense of inserted words.

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