severe

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/səˈvɪr/
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Very serious or intense, harshly strict, stern in manner, or plain and austere in style.

Examples

  • The building's severe lines suited the cold landscape.
  • The room had a severe elegance that avoided ornament.
  • The designer softened the severe shape with warmer materials.
  • Late submissions can carry severe penalties.
  • The portrait shows a severe woman in a black coat.

Similar words

minimal
unsmiling
plain
austere
harsh
stern
cold
serious
dangerous
draconian

Meanings

Very serious or intense

adjective
everyday
neutral
Very bad, strong, painful, damaging, or dangerous in degree.

Usage

Use severe when the degree is high enough to matter, as with illness, pain, weather, damage, shortages, or risk.

Examples

  • The storm caused severe damage along the coast.
  • Doctors treated him for a severe allergic reaction.
  • The region faced a severe shortage of clean water.
  • A severe headache kept her in bed all afternoon.
  • The company warned of severe financial losses.

Common mistakes

Mild problems are exaggerated by being called severe.
IncorrectCorrect
She had a severe cold that went away after one sneeze. She had a slight cold that went away quickly.
The severe delay lasted two minutes. The short delay lasted two minutes.
The storm was severe, but it brought only a light drizzle. The storm was mild and brought only a light drizzle.

Similar words

Strict or harsh

adjective
law
neutral
Harsh, demanding, or uncompromising in judgment, discipline, punishment, or requirements.

Usage

Use severe for penalties, rules, criticism, or discipline that feel unusually strict or hard to bear.

Examples

  • The court imposed a severe sentence.
  • Late submissions can carry severe penalties.
  • The coach was known for severe discipline.
  • Critics called the punishment unnecessarily severe.
  • The new law introduced severe restrictions on exports.

Common mistakes

The word is used where strict or firm would be enough, making ordinary rules sound harsh.
IncorrectCorrect
The office has a severe rule about signing in at reception. The office has a strict rule about signing in at reception.
He received a severe compliment after the presentation. He received a sincere compliment after the presentation.
The teacher gave a severe smile. The teacher gave a stern look.

Similar words

Stern in manner

adjective
personality
neutral
Cold, serious, and unfriendly in expression, tone, or behaviour.

Usage

Use severe for a manner or expression that feels forbidding, not merely quiet or serious.

Examples

  • His severe expression silenced the room.
  • She answered in a severe tone.
  • The portrait shows a severe woman in a black coat.
  • A severe glance from the supervisor ended the argument.
  • The principal's severe manner intimidated new students.

Common mistakes

Neutral seriousness is overstated as coldness or hostility.
IncorrectCorrect
Her severe welcome made everyone feel at home. Her warm welcome made everyone feel at home.
He looked severe because he was laughing loudly. He looked cheerful because he was laughing loudly.
The severe receptionist greeted us kindly and put us at ease. The friendly receptionist greeted us kindly and put us at ease.

Similar words

Plain and austere in style

adjective
style
neutral
Simple, spare, and without decoration, often in a way that feels controlled or stark.

Usage

Use severe for design, clothing, architecture, or beauty that is intentionally plain, sharp, and restrained.

Examples

  • The building's severe lines suited the cold landscape.
  • She wore a severe black suit with no jewelry.
  • The room had a severe elegance that avoided ornament.
  • His paintings moved toward a more severe style.
  • The designer softened the severe shape with warmer materials.

Common mistakes

Plain style is confused with poor quality or ugliness.
IncorrectCorrect
The severe dress was covered in ribbons and glitter. The severe dress was plain black with clean lines.
A severe design must be badly made. A severe design can be elegant because it is restrained.
The room was severe because every wall was full of ornaments. The room was severe because it had bare walls and simple furniture.

Similar words

Usage

Choose severe when the force is high: serious harm, strict punishment, a forbidding manner, or a sharply austere style.

Common mistakes

Mild problems are called severe, and the style sense is mistaken for ugliness rather than restraint.

Etymology

From Old French severe, from Latin severus, meaning strict, serious, or stern.

FAQ

What does severe mean?

Severe means very serious or intense, harshly strict, stern in manner, or plain and austere in style.

Can severe describe weather?

Yes. Severe weather is dangerous, damaging, or extreme.

Can severe describe a person?

Yes. A severe person or expression seems stern, cold, and forbidding.

What is a severe punishment?

A severe punishment is unusually harsh, strict, or hard to bear.

Can severe describe style?

Yes. A severe style is plain, spare, and restrained rather than decorative.

Is severe stronger than serious?

Often yes. Severe usually adds a high degree of intensity, harshness, or danger.

What is the opposite of severe?

Common opposites include mild, minor, lenient, gentle, and ornate, depending on the sense.

Where does severe come from?

It comes through Old French from Latin severus, meaning strict, serious, or stern.

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