surprised

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/sərˈpraɪzd/
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A reaction to something unexpected, and the past-tense form for something that caused that reaction.

Examples

  • The sudden announcement surprised the staff.
  • Are you surprised at the answer?
  • The magician's trick surprised the crowd.
  • The team looked surprised by the decision.
  • She was surprised by the sudden thunder.

Similar words

amazed
shocked
stunned
taken aback
stunned
startled
astonished
amazed
startled
shocked

Meanings

Feeling surprise

adjective
emotion
neutral
Feeling or showing surprise because something unexpected happened or was learned.

Usage

Use surprised after be, feel, look, seem, or get, often with by, at, or an infinitive.

Examples

  • She was surprised by the sudden thunder.
  • I was surprised to find the door unlocked.
  • The team looked surprised by the decision.
  • Nobody seemed surprised at the delay.
  • He felt genuinely surprised by their kindness.
  • They were pleasantly surprised by the results.
  • Are you surprised at the answer?

Common mistakes

The linking verb is dropped in adjective uses, or surprised is confused with surprising.
IncorrectCorrect
She surprised by the news. She was surprised by the news.
I am surprising to see you here. I am surprised to see you here.
He was surprised for the result. He was surprised by the result.
The surprised news arrived late. The surprising news arrived late.

Similar words

Caused surprise in the past

verb
action
neutral
Caused someone to feel surprise or caught them off guard.

Usage

Use surprised as the simple past or past participle of surprise when the subject is the thing or person that caused the reaction.

Examples

  • The loud crash surprised everyone in the hallway.
  • The unexpected gift surprised her on her birthday.
  • The sudden announcement surprised the staff.
  • The magician's trick surprised the crowd.
  • The early snow surprised the farmers.
  • The answer had surprised even the experts.

Common mistakes

The active verb is confused with the passive adjective, especially around the object of the sentence.
IncorrectCorrect
The party was surprised her. The party surprised her.
The news surprised to me. The news surprised me.
She surprised about his answer. She was surprised by his answer.
The result was surprised everyone. The result surprised everyone.

Similar words

Usage

Use surprised for the person or group having the reaction, and surprising for the thing that causes it.

Common mistakes

Surprised and surprising are swapped in sentences like I am surprising to hear that instead of I am surprised to hear that.

Etymology

From surprise plus the regular -ed ending. The adjective is recorded from the early 1600s as a past-participle adjective.

FAQ

What does surprised mean?

Surprised means feeling or showing surprise because something unexpected happened or was learned.

Is surprised an adjective or a verb?

It can be both. Surprised is an adjective in She was surprised, and the past tense or past participle of surprise in The news surprised her.

What is the difference between surprised and surprising?

Surprised describes the person having the reaction, while surprising describes the thing that causes the reaction.

Which preposition follows surprised?

Common patterns include surprised by, surprised at, and surprised to before a verb.

Can I surprised be correct?

I surprised them is correct when I caused the surprise. I was surprised is needed when I felt the surprise.

Where does surprised come from?

Surprised comes from surprise with the regular -ed ending, and the adjective developed from the past participle.

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