dust

/dʌst/
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Fine dry matter in the air or on surfaces, with related uses for decay into earth, cleaning it away, sprinkling powder, and slang for overwhelming defeat.

Examples

  • A film of dust covered the piano keys.
  • Moon dust clung to the astronauts' boots.
  • Farmers dusted the crop with pesticide.
  • Years of weather turned the bones to dust.
  • In the film, the villain threatens to dust the witness.

Similar words

polish
ashes
powder
clean
clear
coat
crush
earth
ruin
sift

Meanings

Fine dry particles

noun
physical
neutral
Tiny dry pieces of matter, such as soil, pollen, ash, or skin, that float in the air or settle as powder.

Usage

Use dust for loose, dry particles rather than for wet dirt, mud, or a solid lump of material.

Examples

  • A film of dust covered the piano keys.
  • Wind lifted red dust from the road.
  • The filter traps pollen, soot, and fine dust.
  • Moon dust clung to the astronauts' boots.
  • Coal dust can irritate the lungs.

Common mistakes

The uncountable noun takes singular agreement in everyday use, while plural dusts is mainly technical for kinds of dust.
IncorrectCorrect
The dust are covering the table. The dust is covering the table.
There are many dust on the shelf. There is a lot of dust on the shelf.
Mud dust covered his boots. Mud covered his boots.
Dust entered to my eyes. Dust got in my eyes.

Similar words

Decay into earth or powder

noun
literary
literary
Dry earth or powder left when something breaks down, especially in solemn writing about death, ruin, or impermanence.

Usage

Use dust this way in poetic, religious, or reflective contexts, not as the ordinary word for a corpse or ashes.

Examples

  • The old wall crumbled into dust.
  • The prayer speaks of returning to dust.
  • Years of weather turned the bones to dust.
  • The fallen empire was only dust in the poem.
  • The vase shattered, then slowly ground down to dust.

Common mistakes

The literary sense is overused when plain words like ashes, ruins, or remains would be clearer.
IncorrectCorrect
The mechanic swept the car dust after the crash. The mechanic swept up the debris after the crash.
The document became dust when I deleted it. The document disappeared when I deleted it.
Her grandfather is a dust in the cemetery. Her grandfather is buried in the cemetery.

Similar words

Remove dust

verb
cleaning
neutral
To clean a surface by wiping, brushing, or otherwise taking dust away.

Usage

Use dust for dry surface cleaning, and name the object being cleaned rather than adding off unless a phrasal verb is intended.

Examples

  • She dusts the shelves every Friday.
  • Please dust the frames before the guests arrive.
  • He dusted the keyboard with a soft brush.
  • The museum staff dust the cases carefully.
  • I dusted the lampshade and washed the table.

Common mistakes

The verb already includes removing dust, so an extra object like dust often makes the sentence clumsy.
IncorrectCorrect
I dusted the dust from the desk. I dusted the desk.
She dusted the floor with a mop. She mopped the floor.
He made dusting the bookshelf. He dusted the bookshelf.
Please dust off the room. Please dust the room.

Similar words

Cover with fine powder

verb
application
neutral
To sprinkle or coat something with a light layer of powder, flour, pesticide, or another dry substance.

Usage

Use dust with with for the substance applied, as in dust the cake with sugar.

Examples

  • The baker dusted the cake with powdered sugar.
  • Lightly dust the pan with flour before adding batter.
  • Farmers dusted the crop with pesticide.
  • She dusted the truffles with cocoa.
  • The printmaker dusted the plate with fine resin.

Common mistakes

The substance should be named after with, and this sense does not mean pouring on a heavy layer.
IncorrectCorrect
Dust the cake by powdered sugar. Dust the cake with powdered sugar.
Dust the pan with a lot of flour until it is full. Dust the pan lightly with flour.
She dusted sugar into the tea. She stirred sugar into the tea.
The farmer dusted the crop water. The farmer sprayed the crop with water.

Similar words

Defeat badly or kill

verb
competition
slang
To beat someone by a wide margin, and in rough slang sometimes to knock down or kill.

Usage

Use dust for informal, forceful talk about total defeat, and avoid it in formal reports unless quoting slang.

Examples

  • The sprinter dusted the field in the final lap.
  • Our team got dusted in the first round.
  • The champion dusted every challenger that season.
  • In the film, the villain threatens to dust the witness.
  • A single mistake let the veteran player dust him.

Common mistakes

The slang sense needs a direct object and implies an overwhelming result, not a narrow win.
IncorrectCorrect
The team dusted to its rivals. The team dusted its rivals.
She dusted the match by one point. She edged the match by one point.
He dusted the exam. He aced the exam.
They dusted against the champions. They got dusted by the champions.

Similar words

Usage

Use context to separate the particle noun, the two opposite verb senses of removing dust and applying powder, the literary decay sense, and the informal defeat sense.

Common mistakes

The noun dust is usually uncountable, so everyday sentences use much dust or a lot of dust, not many dusts.

Etymology

From Old English dūst, with Germanic relatives including Dutch duist and German Dunst. The verb grew from the noun, first for raising or sprinkling dust and later for cleaning it away. The slang defeat sense is recorded in American English in the twentieth century.

FAQ

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