lv
en
Change language
Translating...
how, in what way, how, so, how
Find language
/kaː/
Add to My Dictionary
In My Dictionary
+1
A small Latvian function word for asking how, intensifying exclamations, linking manner and comparison clauses, and adding conversational or parenthetical force.

Examples

  • Viņa, izrādās, jau bija mājās.
    She, as it turned out, was already home.
  • ātri pienāca vakars!
    How quickly evening arrived!
  • Es redzēju, vilciens iebrauca stacijā.
    I saw how the train entered the station.
  • sāka snigt, tā visi devās mājās.
    As soon as it began to snow, everyone went home.
  • pieauga pieprasījums, tā cenas kāpa.
    As demand grew, prices rose.

Similar words

cik ļoti
tāpat kā
cik labi
pa kādu ceļu
lai kā
kādā veidā
kādā stāvoklī
kādā veidā
kā arī
tiklīdz

Meanings

Ask about manner or state

adverb
communication
neutral
Used in questions and reported questions to ask in what way something happens, works, looks, or feels.

Usage

Use before the clause or verb phrase whose manner, quality, or state is unknown.

Examples

  • tu atradi šo adresi?
    How did you find this address?
  • Pastāsti, darbojas jaunā lietotne.
    Tell me how the new app works.
  • jūtas bērns pēc potes?
    How does the child feel after the vaccine?
  • Es nezinu, pareizi izrunāt šo vārdu.
    I do not know how to pronounce this word correctly.
  • izskatās ceļš pēc lietus?
    How does the road look after the rain?
  • vislabāk saglabāt šo failu?
    How is it best to save this file?

Common mistakes

The word is often replaced by kas when the question asks for identity, or by cik when it asks for degree.
IncorrectCorrect
Kā ir tavs vārds? Kas ir tavs vārds?
Kā daudz maksā biļete? Cik maksā biļete?
Es nezinu kā pareizi izrunāt šo vārdu. Es nezinu, kā pareizi izrunāt šo vārdu.

Similar words

Intensify an exclamation

adverb
emotion
neutral
Used at the start of an exclamation to make the feeling or degree sound strong.

Usage

Use before a full exclamation when the force is close to English how or so.

Examples

  • es priecājos tevi redzēt!
    How happy I am to see you!
  • viņi skrēja lejā pa kāpnēm!
    How they ran down the stairs!
  • man sāp galva pēc garā brauciena!
    How my head hurts after the long trip!
  • skaisti šorīt smaržo jasmīni!
    How beautifully the jasmines smell this morning!
  • viņa smējās par veco joku!
    How she laughed at the old joke!
  • ātri pienāca vakars!
    How quickly evening arrived!

Common mistakes

The exclamatory use is often weakened by translating it as an ordinary question instead of a strong feeling.
IncorrectCorrect
Kā viņš skrēja? Kā viņš skrēja!
Cik es priecājos tevi redzēt! Kā es priecājos tevi redzēt!
Kā skaista ir šī dziesma! Cik skaista ir šī dziesma!

Similar words

Introduce an indirect how clause

conjunction
grammar
neutral
Introduces a subordinate clause that explains the way something happens, is known, is shown, or is perceived.

Usage

Use after verbs such as see, know, explain, show, or remember when the following clause gives the manner or event.

Examples

  • Es redzēju, vilciens iebrauca stacijā.
    I saw how the train entered the station.
  • Viņš paskaidroja, jāaizpilda anketa.
    He explained how the form must be filled in.
  • Nav skaidrs, kļūda nonāca ziņojumā.
    It is not clear how the error got into the report.
  • Parādi, sasiet šo mezglu.
    Show me how to tie this knot.
  • Mēs atcerējāmies, toreiz satikāmies.
    We remembered how we met back then.
  • Viņa klausījās, lietus sitas pret logu.
    She listened to how the rain beat against the window.

Common mistakes

A comma is often missed before an embedded clause, and ka is used when the clause gives manner.
IncorrectCorrect
Es redzēju, ka vilciens iebrauca stacijā. Es redzēju, kā vilciens iebrauca stacijā.
Parādi kā sasiet šo mezglu. Parādi, kā sasiet šo mezglu.
Viņš paskaidroja kā aizpildīja anketa. Viņš paskaidroja, kā jāaizpilda anketa.

Similar words

Mark comparison or role

conjunction
comparison
neutral
Introduces a comparison, similarity, role, function, or example, often matching English as or like.

Usage

Use before the noun or phrase being compared, or before the role someone or something has.

Examples

  • Viņš strādā skolotājs.
    He works as a teacher.
  • Istaba bija auksta pagrabs.
    The room was cold like a cellar.
  • Es runāju ar viņu ar draugu.
    I spoke to him as a friend.
  • Šis rīks noder rezerves kopija.
    This tool is useful as a backup.
  • Viņa dzied profesionāle.
    She sings like a professional.
  • Bērni skrēja vējš.
    The children ran like the wind.

Common mistakes

Role and similarity uses are often confused with nekā after comparatives or with ka before a full statement.
IncorrectCorrect
Viņš strādā ka skolotājs. Viņš strādā kā skolotājs.
Šis rīks noder kā rezerves kopiju. Šis rīks noder kā rezerves kopija.
Istaba bija aukstāka kā pagrabs. Istaba bija aukstāka nekā pagrabs.

Similar words

Add confirmation or parenthetical tone

interjection
conversation
informal
Appears in fixed conversational and parenthetical turns to confirm, intensify, soften, or frame what is being said.

Usage

Use mainly inside established turns such as kā tad, un kā vēl, kā zināms, and it kā.

Examples

  • tad, es tūlīt nāku!
    Of course, I am coming right away!
  • Un vēl viņš to zināja!
    And how he knew it!
  • liekas, sanāksme sāksies vēlāk.
    It seems, the meeting will start later.
  • Viņa, izrādās, jau bija mājās.
    She, as it turned out, was already home.
  • zināms, pavasarī dienas kļūst garākas.
    As is known, the days grow longer in spring.
  • Viņš it piekrita, bet vēl šaubījās.
    He sort of agreed, but still had doubts.

Common mistakes

The fixed turn is often translated word by word, which misses the confirmation, doubt, or parenthetical force.
IncorrectCorrect
Kā tad, es nenāku! Kā tad, es tūlīt nāku!
Viņa kā izrādās jau bija mājās. Viņa, kā izrādās, jau bija mājās.
Viņš it kā piekrita. Viņš it kā piekrita, bet vēl šaubījās.

Similar words

Usage

Read the sentence pattern around before translating it, because the same form may mean how, as, like, however, or part of a fixed expression.

Common mistakes

Kas is used when is needed for manner, and comma placement is often missed before embedded clauses.

Etymology

FAQ

What does mean in Latvian?

most often means how, as, or like, but it can also intensify exclamations and appear in fixed expressions.

Is an adverb or a conjunction?

can be an adverb in questions and exclamations, a conjunction in comparison and subordinate clauses, and a particle-like word in fixed turns.

What is the difference between and kas?

asks about manner, state, or comparison, while kas asks what something is or who someone is.

How is used in comparisons?

stands before the compared role or image, as in Viņš strādā kā skolotājs, meaning he works as a teacher.

When does mean how in an embedded clause?

After verbs such as see, know, explain, or show, introduces the way something happens, as in Es redzēju, kā....

Can make a sentence emotional?

Yes. At the start of an exclamation, can mean how or so, as in Kā es priecājos!.

What fixed phrases use ?

Common phrases include kā tad, un kā vēl, kā zināms, it kā, lai kā, and kā arī.

Comments & contributions

Know this word from another angle? Add a correction, a nuance, or a usage note. New posts go public after a quick review.
Posting as a guest · Sign in
No comments yet. Be the first to add one.
Look up word or phrase...