ūdens

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water, waters, body of water, water, water-related
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/ˈuːdɛns/
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A basic liquid, stretches of it in nature, genitive modifier uses for water-related things, cosmetic liquids, and informal empty talk.

Examples

  • Redaktore izsvītroja lieko ūdeni no teksta.
    The editor cut the extra padding from the text.
  • Pēc treniņa viņa izdzēra glāzi ūdens.
    After training she drank a glass of water.
  • Ziemā ūdens sasalst ledū.
    In winter water freezes into ice.
  • Publisko ūdeņu aizsardzība ir noteikta likumā.
    Protection of public waters is set by law.
  • Meistars pārbaudīja ūdens sūkni.
    The technician checked the water pump.

Similar words

liekvārdība
šķidrums
tukšvārdība
akvatorija
ūdenstilpe
pļāpāšana
toniks
losjons

Meanings

Water as a liquid

noun
physical
neutral
The clear liquid made of hydrogen and oxygen that people drink and that occurs as rain, rivers, ice, and vapor.

Usage

Use ūdens for the substance itself, especially when drinking, washing, cooking, or describing its quality.

Examples

  • Pēc treniņa viņa izdzēra glāzi ūdens.
    After training she drank a glass of water.
  • Katlā vārījās tīrs ūdens.
    Clean water was boiling in the pot.
  • Avota ūdens bija auksts un dzidrs.
    The spring water was cold and clear.
  • Ziemā ūdens sasalst ledū.
    In winter water freezes into ice.
  • Laboratorijā pārbaudīja dzeramā ūdens kvalitāti.
    The laboratory tested the quality of drinking water.

Common mistakes

The macron and the object case are the main traps.
IncorrectCorrect
Es dzeru udens. Es dzeru ūdeni.
Man vajag ūdens. Man vajag ūdeni.
Katlā vārās ūdeni. Katlā vārās ūdens.

Similar words

Waters or a body of water

noun
geography
neutral
A mass, stretch, or area of water, often expressed in the plural for rivers, seas, or a country’s waters.

Usage

Use plural forms such as ūdeņi and ūdeņos when the focus is an area or body of water rather than the liquid in a glass.

Examples

  • Kuģis iebrauca Latvijas ūdeņos.
    The ship entered Latvian waters.
  • Pavasarī upes ūdeņi strauji cēlās.
    In spring the river waters rose quickly.
  • Piekrastes ūdeņos zveja ir ierobežota.
    Fishing is restricted in coastal waters.
  • Ceļotāji apmetās pie mierīgiem ūdeņiem.
    The travelers camped beside calm waters.
  • Publisko ūdeņu aizsardzība ir noteikta likumā.
    Protection of public waters is set by law.

Common mistakes

The plural stem changes and the singular can sound too narrow for territory.
IncorrectCorrect
Kuģis iebrauca Latvijas ūdens. Kuģis iebrauca Latvijas ūdeņos.
Publisko ūdens aizsardzība ir svarīga. Publisko ūdeņu aizsardzība ir svarīga.
Pie ūdeņi bija kluss. Pie ūdeņiem bija kluss.

Similar words

Cosmetic water

noun
beauty
neutral
A liquid cosmetic or fragrance product, especially in phrases for face, hair, micellar, or toilet water.

Usage

Use ūdens in this sense only with a specifying word such as sejas, matu, micelārais, or tualetes.

Examples

  • Pēc mazgāšanas viņa lietoja sejas ūdeni.
    After washing, she used facial toner.
  • Plauktā stāvēja tualetes ūdens pudelīte.
    A bottle of toilet water stood on the shelf.
  • Micelāro ūdeni uzklāj ar vates plāksnīti.
    Micellar water is applied with a cotton pad.
  • Frizieris ieteica matu ūdeni sausai galvas ādai.
    The hairdresser recommended hair tonic for a dry scalp.
  • Šis sejas ūdens nesausina ādu.
    This facial toner does not dry the skin.

Common mistakes

The phrase needs the product type, since bare ūdens still means ordinary water.
IncorrectCorrect
Viņa nopirka ūdeni sejai. Viņa nopirka sejas ūdeni.
Plauktā bija tualete ūdens. Plauktā bija tualetes ūdens.
Micelārs ūdens tīra ādu. Micelārais ūdens tīra ādu.

Similar words

Empty talk

noun
communication
informal
Unnecessary words that make speech or writing longer without adding substance.

Usage

Use ūdens informally for padding in text or speech, most often in phrases such as liet ūdeni and ūdens liešana.

Examples

  • Ziņojumā bija pārāk daudz ūdens un maz faktu.
    The report had too much padding and too few facts.
  • Viņš prot liet ūdeni, kad nav ko teikt.
    He knows how to pour out empty talk when he has nothing to say.
  • Redaktore izsvītroja lieko ūdeni no teksta.
    The editor cut the extra padding from the text.
  • Bez ūdens liešanas pasaki galveno.
    Tell the main point without padding.
  • Prezentācija pārvērtās tukšā ūdens liešanā.
    The presentation turned into empty word-padding.

Common mistakes

The figurative phrase is informal and needs a context about speech or writing.
IncorrectCorrect
Rakstā vajag vairāk ūdens. Rakstā ir par daudz ūdens.
Viņš dzēra ūdeni sapulcē. Viņš lēja ūdeni sapulcē.
Eseja ir ūdens. Esejā ir daudz ūdens.

Similar words

Usage

Use ūdens for the substance itself, the plural ūdeņi for bodies or stretches of water, and genitive ūdens before nouns for water-related things.

Common mistakes

The macron is lost in udens, and the object form ūdeni is often replaced by nominative ūdens.

Etymology

Inherited from a Baltic form related to Lithuanian vanduo and ultimately to an Indo-European word for water.

FAQ

What does ūdens mean?

ūdens usually means water, the liquid H2O, and it also appears in plural, compound, cosmetic, and figurative uses.

How is ūdens pronounced?

ūdens is pronounced /ˈuːdɛns/, with a long first vowel.

What are the main forms of ūdens?

Important forms include accusative ūdeni, dative ūdenim, locative ūdenī, plural ūdeņi, and genitive plural ūdeņu.

When does ūdens mean waters?

Plural forms such as ūdeņi and ūdeņos can mean bodies or stretches of water, as in territorial waters.

How does ūdens work before another noun?

Genitive ūdens marks something connected with water, such as ūdens krāns, ūdens sūknis, or ūdens polo.

Can ūdens mean a cosmetic product?

Yes. In phrases like sejas ūdens or tualetes ūdens, it means a liquid cosmetic or perfume product.

What does ūdens liešana mean?

ūdens liešana is informal Latvian for padding speech or writing with empty words.

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