From penas in its sense of hardships, strengthened by duras, “hard”.
From penas in its sense of hardships, strengthened by duras, “hard”.
What does a duras penas mean?
With great difficulty, or only just.
Does it imply success?
Usually yes, but success is narrow or hard won.
Can it be used for money?
Yes: a family may barely make ends meet.
Is it about sadness?
No. Here penas means hardships or difficulties.
What is a natural English equivalent?
“Barely” or “with great difficulty”, depending on context.