idiom

/ˈɪdiəm/
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A conventional way of expressing meaning, from fixed phrases and distinctive speech habits to artistic styles and familiar coding patterns.

Examples

  • The library encourages the idiom of chaining small methods.
  • The loop is a familiar idiom in C but looks awkward in Python.
  • The building translates classical forms into a contemporary idiom.
  • She knew every word in the sentence but still missed the idiom.
  • The same task may use a different idiom in JavaScript and Ruby.

Similar words

turn of phrase
speech variety
language variety
standard construct
expression
dialect
coding convention
manner
aesthetic
way of speaking

Meanings

Fixed expression with its own meaning

noun
linguistics
neutral
A fixed phrase whose accepted sense or grammar belongs to the whole expression rather than to the separate words.

Usage

Use idiom for expressions that must be learned as units, such as “spill the beans” or “give way.” A metaphor can be invented once, but an idiom has currency in shared use.

Examples

  • The idiom “let the cat out of the bag” means to reveal a secret by accident.
  • She knew every word in the sentence but still missed the idiom.
  • The guide explains English idioms without translating them word for word.
  • A literal translation can hide the force of an idiom.
  • He used the idiom “under the weather” to say he felt ill.

Common mistakes

The plural ending is dropped, and literal phrases are mislabeled as idioms.
IncorrectCorrect
She used three idiom in the essay. She used three idioms in the essay.
“Open the door” is an idiom. “Open the door” is a literal phrase.
He translated the idiom word by word and kept the meaning. He translated the idiom by finding an equivalent expression.
The idiom “under weather” means feeling ill. The idiom “under the weather” means feeling ill.

Similar words

Language variety or way of speaking

noun
linguistics
formal
A formal word for the characteristic language, grammar, or manner of speech used by a person, group, place, or period.

Usage

Use idiom in this sense for a distinctive way of speaking or writing. It is more formal and literary than dialect, and it can cover style as well as regional language.

Examples

  • The letters preserve the idiom of eighteenth-century London.
  • Her dialogue moves between courtly language and the village idiom.
  • The translator kept several turns from the local idiom.
  • The study compares the urban idiom with nearby rural speech.
  • A formal idiom can make an everyday scene sound distant.

Common mistakes

The word is narrowed to accents alone or treated as only the fixed-expression sense.
IncorrectCorrect
The speaker's idiom were recorded. The speaker's idiom was recorded.
A single vowel sound is an idiom. A single vowel sound is part of pronunciation.
The local idiom means one proverb. The local idiom means the local way of speaking.
The report studied idiom changes in one verb ending. The report studied changes in one verb ending.

Similar words

Characteristic artistic style

noun
arts
formal
A recognizable style or mode of expression in art, music, architecture, writing, or another creative medium.

Usage

Use idiom for the shared style a work draws on, such as a jazz idiom or a modernist idiom. It sounds more formal than style and often points to a tradition or medium.

Examples

  • The composer wrote in a spare modernist idiom.
  • Her paintings borrow the visual idiom of street posters.
  • The building translates classical forms into a contemporary idiom.
  • Jazz harmony shaped the dancer's choreographic idiom.
  • The film uses a documentary idiom even in staged scenes.

Common mistakes

The word is used for a topic rather than for the style used to express it.
IncorrectCorrect
The painting has an idiom of war because it shows soldiers. The painting has a wartime subject.
The composer's idiom are easy to hear. The composer's idiom is easy to hear.
The novel is in a red idiom. The novel is in a realist idiom.
The chef used an architectural idiom in the soup. The chef used a culinary style in the soup.

Similar words

Typical programming pattern

noun
technology
technical
A usual way of writing a small piece of code in a particular programming language or programming culture.

Usage

Use idiom for a coding pattern that experienced readers recognize as natural in a language. It is smaller and more local than a software design pattern, and it is not the same as an algorithm.

Examples

  • The loop is a familiar idiom in C but looks awkward in Python.
  • Resource acquisition is initialization became a C++ idiom for managing object lifetime.
  • The library encourages the idiom of chaining small methods.
  • A clear idiom can make code easier to scan during review.
  • The same task may use a different idiom in JavaScript and Ruby.

Common mistakes

The word is confused with algorithms or copied across languages as if every language used the same shape.
IncorrectCorrect
The code uses many idiom to handle errors. The code uses many idioms to handle errors.
We need an idiom to sort the list faster than quicksort. We need an algorithm to sort the list faster than quicksort.
Copy the Python idiom unchanged into C. Use the idiom that is natural in C.
The compiler executes the idiom. The compiler executes the code written in that idiom.

Similar words

Usage

Use idiom first for fixed expressions whose meaning is not built word by word. In formal contexts it can also name a distinctive speech style, artistic manner, or programming pattern.

Common mistakes

Calling every fixed phrase an idiom overstates the word, because an idiom has a learned whole-expression meaning or a distinctive style.

Etymology

From French idiome and Late Latin idioma, from Greek idiōma, meaning a peculiarity or special form of expression, from idios, “one's own.”

FAQ

What does idiom mean?

Idiom most often means a fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from the separate words alone.

Is every phrase an idiom?

No. A literal phrase such as open the door is not an idiom unless it has a learned meaning as a whole expression.

Can idiom mean a dialect?

Yes. In formal use, idiom can mean the characteristic language or way of speaking of a place, group, or period.

What is an idiom in programming?

In programming, an idiom is a familiar way of writing a small construct so that the code feels natural in that language.

Where does idiom come from?

Idiom comes through French and Latin from Greek idiōma, a peculiarity or special form of expression.

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