literally

/ˈlɪtərəli/
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Exact in the plain sense, and also a common informal intensifier that may exaggerate rather than state literal fact.

Examples

  • The room was literally packed from wall to wall.
  • The old bridge is literally falling apart.
  • The rule applies literally, not just in spirit.
  • The announcement literally changed everything overnight.
  • She took the warning literally and stayed outside the gate.

Similar words

word for word
to the letter
strictly
really
actually
verbatim
truly
absolutely
for real
exactly

Meanings

In the exact sense

adverb
communication
neutral
In the plain or exact sense of the words, without treating them as a metaphor or loose figure of speech.

Usage

Use literally when the exact wording or real facts matter, especially to contrast with a figurative reading.

Examples

  • She took the warning literally and stayed outside the gate.
  • The term Mardi Gras literally means Fat Tuesday.
  • The old bridge is literally falling apart.
  • Translate the sentence literally first, then make it natural.
  • The rule applies literally, not just in spirit.

Common mistakes

Literally is added where exactly or no adverb would be clearer.
IncorrectCorrect
I literally love this song. I really love this song.
She literally translated the joke and it was funny. She translated the joke freely and it was funny.
He literally run five miles every morning. He literally runs five miles every morning.

Similar words

For strong emphasis

adverb
emphasis
informal
Used to make a statement feel stronger, often with deliberate exaggeration rather than exact truth.

Usage

Use literally as an intensifier in conversation and informal writing, but avoid it where exactness matters.

Examples

  • I was literally shaking with excitement.
  • The room was literally packed from wall to wall.
  • She has literally told that story a hundred times.
  • The announcement literally changed everything overnight.
  • He was literally speechless when the prize was announced.

Common mistakes

Literally is used for casual emphasis in formal prose or where the image sounds physically impossible.
IncorrectCorrect
The candidate literally destroyed the argument in the report. The candidate dismantled the argument in the report.
I literally died laughing. I laughed very hard.
The budget was literally a disaster. The budget was a disaster.

Similar words

Usage

Use the exact sense when accuracy matters, and treat the emphatic sense as informal because it still annoys some readers.

Common mistakes

I literally died laughing is not literal, so it works only as informal exaggeration.

Etymology

From literal plus -ly, ultimately from Latin littera, meaning a letter of the alphabet. The exact sense is old, while the emphatic use has been documented since the 18th century.

FAQ

What does literally mean?

literally means in the exact or plain sense, without metaphor.

Can literally be used for emphasis?

Yes. literally is often used informally to add force, even when the statement is exaggerated.

Is the emphatic use of literally new?

No. Dictionary evidence records emphatic literally from the 18th century.

Is literally the same as figuratively?

No. The emphatic use does not mean figuratively, it works more like really or virtually.

Should literally be used in formal writing?

Use literally in formal writing only when exact truth or exact wording is meant.

What is the opposite of literally?

The usual opposite is figuratively, meaning in a metaphorical or non-literal way.

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