literal

/ˈlɪtərəl/
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Exact in wording or fact, and in computing a value written directly in code.

Examples

  • Readers often notice the literal before the irony.
  • An object literal can create a value without calling a constructor.
  • The road became a literal river after the storm.
  • The painting invites a choice between the literal and the allegorical.
  • There was a literal barrier between the two rooms.

Similar words

plain sense
hard-coded value
actual
true
factual
literal value
verbatim
concrete
fixed value
real

Meanings

Exact words or basic meaning

adjective
language
neutral
Following the exact wording or the ordinary meaning of words, without figurative or idiomatic interpretation.

Usage

Use literal for wording, translation, or interpretation that stays close to the words themselves. It contrasts with figurative and idiomatic, so a literal translation may be accurate word by word while still sounding unnatural.

Examples

  • A literal translation kept the words but lost the joke.
  • The literal meaning of “spill the beans” has nothing to do with secrets.
  • Her literal reading of the rule left no room for context.
  • The poem works only if the image is not taken literally.
  • A literal transcript preserves every pause and false start.

Common mistakes

Literally is needed for the adverb, and literal readings are confused with idiomatic meanings.
IncorrectCorrect
He took the joke literal. He took the joke literally.
A literal translation always sounds natural. A literal translation can sound unnatural.
The literal meaning of “kick the bucket” is “to die.” The idiomatic meaning of “kick the bucket” is “to die.”
She made a literally translation. She made a literal translation.

Similar words

Actual rather than exaggerated

adjective
everyday
neutral
Real or factual in the ordinary world, not merely metaphorical, symbolic, or exaggerated.

Usage

Use literal to make clear that a statement is meant as fact, not as an image or exaggeration. Because literal is often overused for emphasis, reserve it for cases where the real-versus-figurative contrast matters.

Examples

  • The road became a literal river after the storm.
  • The company faced a literal mountain of paperwork.
  • She meant a literal deadline, not a loose suggestion.
  • There was a literal barrier between the two rooms.
  • The “silent room” was not literally silent once the machines started.

Common mistakes

Literal is overused as an intensifier when no real factual contrast is meant.
IncorrectCorrect
I waited a literal million years. I waited what felt like a million years.
The joke was literal fire. The joke was hilarious.
She was literal angry. She was literally angry.
There was a literal silence in the room. There was complete silence in the room.

Similar words

The plain level of meaning

noun
literature
neutral
The surface or factual level of a text, image, or event, considered before symbolic or figurative interpretation.

Usage

Use literal as a noun mostly in critical or literary contexts: the literal, the symbolic, the allegorical. In ordinary explanation, literal meaning is usually clearer than the bare noun.

Examples

  • The essay moves from the literal to the symbolic.
  • Readers often notice the literal before the irony.
  • The director kept one foot in the literal and one in the surreal.
  • A good interpretation starts with the literal but does not stop there.
  • The painting invites a choice between the literal and the allegorical.

Common mistakes

The bare noun is used where literal meaning or meaning would be clearer.
IncorrectCorrect
The literal of the word is hard. The literal meaning of the word is hard.
I searched the literal in the dictionary. I searched for the meaning in the dictionary.
The literal are easy to miss. The literal is easy to miss.
The story's literal means freedom. The story's symbolism suggests freedom.

Similar words

Fixed value written in code

noun
technology
technical
A value written directly in source code, such as a number, string, Boolean, object, or regular-expression pattern.

Usage

Use literal in programming for a fixed value supplied directly in code. It is not the same as a variable, and it is narrower than an algorithm or a whole expression.

Examples

  • The string literal “hello” appears directly in the source code.
  • Use a named constant instead of repeating the numeric literal 42.
  • The parser recognized true as a Boolean literal.
  • An object literal can create a value without calling a constructor.
  • The regex contains a literal period that matches only a dot.

Common mistakes

Literal is confused with variables, identifiers, and algorithms.
IncorrectCorrect
The variable name count is a literal. The variable name count is an identifier.
The code uses many literal. The code uses many literals.
We need a literal to sort the array. We need an algorithm to sort the array.
The value changes because it is a literal. The value changes because it is stored in a variable.

Similar words

Usage

Use literal when the contrast with figurative, symbolic, idiomatic, or variable meaning matters. For the adverb, use literally.

Common mistakes

Literally is the adverb, while literal modifies a noun or names the plain level of meaning or a code value.

Etymology

From Middle English literal, from Old French literal, from Late Latin litteralis, “of letters or writing,” from Latin littera, “letter.” The exact-wording sense grew from the idea of following the letter of a text.

FAQ

What does literal mean?

Literal means exact in wording or fact, without a figurative, symbolic, or exaggerated reading.

What is a literal translation?

A literal translation follows the words closely, often word by word, even if the result sounds less natural.

What is the difference between literal and figurative?

Literal keeps the ordinary or factual meaning. Figurative uses an image, metaphor, or transferred sense.

Can literal be a noun?

Yes. Literal can mean the plain or surface level of meaning, and in programming it can mean a fixed value in code.

What is a literal in programming?

A literal is a value written directly in source code, such as 42, true, or "hello".

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